Cultural Values Contrast: Education Part 2

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Cultural Values Contrast, Part 2

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Learning
America
Leaning involves conceptualization and analytical thinking. Students should be active and may argue with the teacher. 

Middle East
Learning involves unquestioning belief of the teacher. Thinking style is synthetic. Students should be passive and never argue. 

Asia
Learning involves memorization. Thinking is in very concrete practical terms. The style is synthetic. Students are to be passive and do not argue.

Latin America
Learning involves memorization and recitation. Students should participate, but not argue. Thinking is more analytical. 

Trial and Error
America
Trial and error of 'hands on' is a good way to learn. Mistakes do not involve a loss of face. Independent thinking is taught. 

Middle East
Trial and error is used sometimes. Students wait for teacher to explain mistakes. A loss of face is not involved, although the teacher may be blamed. Independent thinking is taught.

Asia
The idea of trial and error is confusing. The teacher is to be imitated. Mistakes involve a loss of face and the student accepts blame. Independent thinking is not taught. 

Latin America
Trial and error or 'hands on' is a good way to learn. Mistakes do not involve a loss of face. Independent thinking is taught. 

Plagiarism
America
Plagiarism or copying from a friend is bad. It is stealing ideas.

Middle East
Charity is an important value. Letting a friend copy one's work is viewed as a charitable action. 

Asia
Imitation is a learning style. One learns by copying the masters.

Latin America
Plagiarism or copying from a friend is bad. It is stealing ideas. 

Writing
America
Thinking and writing are linear moving from general to specific.

Middle East
Thinking and writing are multi-linear with back and forth movement among subjects. 

Asia
Thinking and writing are spiral with much repetition and a moral often drawn at the end.

Latin America
Thinking and writing are linear in urban areas, but in the provinces tend to be fan-shaped.

Context
America
English is a low-context language. The meaning is primarily in the words.

Middle East
Arabic is a high-context language. The meaning is in the situation and persons involved more than words.

Asia
Asian languages are high-context languages. The meaning is in the situation and persons involved more than words.

Latin America 
Spanish is a middle context language. The meaning is in the emotion more than words. 

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